Маймонид, Моисей

Материал из Телемапедии

Mosheh ben Maimon (משה בן מימון)‎, called Moses Maimonides and also known as Mūsā ibn Maymūn (Arabic: موسى بن ميمون‎), or RaMBaM (רמב"ם – Hebrew acronym for "Rabbi Mosheh Ben Maimon" AKA "haNesher haGadol" (the great eagle) AKA "The Moses of Cairo" Spain, Morocco, Egypt 1135 - 1204 Teachers: Isaac Alfasi; Maimon (father); Philo of Alexandria ; Joseph ibn Migash; Galen; Hippocrates; Aristotle; Ibn Sina aka (Avicenna); Al-Farabi; Rabbi Huna; Students: influenced Thomas Aquinas, Albertus Magnus, John Duns Scotus; Albert the Great; Spinoza; Rabbi Abraham Abulafia; son Avraham aka Abraham ben Moses ben Maimon; Rashba AKA Shlomo ben Aderet; David ben Maimon, brother who drowned tragically; David Hartman; Joseph Karo; Asaph ha-Jehoudi, medical doctor; Marcus Herz; Immanuel Kant; Leo Strauss; Peter Singer, folk singer; Samuel ibn Tibbon ; Rémi Brague; Pseudo-Maimonides, who wrote under his name long after he died; Rabbi Aryeh Kaplan; Isadore Twersky; Friends: Joseph Aknin; Enemies: Hasdai Crescas; Rabbi Abraham ben David (AKA Raavad III); Organizations: Author: fourteen-volume Mishneh Torah AKA Sefer Yad ha-Chazaka; Commentary on the Mishna aka Pirush Hamishnayot; Guide for the Perplexed ; Oath of Maimonides; "Ma'amar Tehiyyat Hametim" aka The Treatise on Resurrection; Sefer Hamitzvot (aka The Book of Commandments); Teshuvot; Treatise on Logic aka Maqala Fi-Sinat Al-Mantiq; Hilkhot ha-Yerushalmi, commentary on the Jerusalem Talmud verses the Babylonian Talmud; Extracts from Galen AKA The Art of Cure; Commentary on the Aphorisms of Hippocrates ; Medical Aphorisms of Moses AKA Fusul Musa; Treatise on Hemorrhoids, self explanatory!; Treatise on Cohabitation AKA aphrodisiacs and anti-aphrodisiacs; Treatise on Asthma; Treatise on Poisons and Their Antidotes ; Regimen of Health on the Mind - Body connection in health; Discourse on the Explanation of Fits on preventative health; Glossary of Drug Names in Arabic, Greek, Syrian, Persian, Berber, and Spanish; Comments: famous for Hilkhot Matanot Aniyim (Laws about Giving to Poor People) ; Eight Levels of Giving; Rabbi; Medical doctor who took care of Eastern Potentates like the Grand Vizier Al Qadi al Fadil, and Sultan Saladin; Astronomy; rejected astrology; Ethics; Hebrew biblical scholarship; In many ways, the 1st MODERN Rabbi, as he encouraged the Jews to wear "modern" dress, make ties outside the ways of the ghetto, even eat food outside not prepared by family, so always suspect as not being kosher; Recognized the Tribe's survival could not be assured if they continued living as a mystery among the Gentiles who controlled the Kingdoms in which they found themselves; read the Greek philosophers of the Ancients in Arabic translations before the Renaissance; Ransomed Jews captured by Christian Kings in the Crusades; emphasized Charity (AKA Tzedakah); "negative theology" (also known as "Apophatic theology") mind puzzles; theodicy , the problem of Good and Evil; Evil is an individual trait, while Good is a shared divine aspect of God; the universal active intellect; argued for a Spiritual resurrection in the Olam Haba aka עולם הבא AKA (the World to Come) not a physical resurrection of dead bodies, as a physician he knew flesh decays quickly; Quotes: "It is better and more satisfactory to acquit a thousand guilty persons than to put a single innocent one to death"; God works through Nature and man through art... Guide for the Perplexed; A single coin earned by one's own manual labor is worth more than the whole revenue of the Prince of the Captivity, derived as it is from the gifts of others"; the 13 essential Principles of Judaism

  The existence of God.
  God's unity and indivisibility into elements.
  God's spirituality and incorporeality.
  God's eternity.
  God alone should be the object of worship.
  Revelation through God's prophets.
  The preeminence of Moses among the prophets.
  The Torah that we have today is the one dictated to Moses by God.
  The Torah given by Moses will not be replaced and that nothing may be added or removed from it.
  God's awareness of human actions.
  Reward of good and punishment of evil.
  The coming of the Jewish Messiah.
  The resurrection of the dead.

8 levels of Tzedakah or Charitable giving:

  Giving an interest-free loan to a person in need; 
  forming a partnership with a person in need; 
  giving a grant to a person in need; 
  finding a job for a person in need; 
  so long as that loan, grant, partnership, or job results 
  in the person no longer living by relying upon others.
  Giving tzedakah anonymously to an unknown recipient 
  via a person (or public fund) which is trustworthy, wise,
  and can perform acts of tzedakah with your money 
  in a most impeccable fashion.
  Giving tzedakah anonymously to a known recipient.
  Giving tzedakah publicly to an unknown recipient.
  Giving tzedakah before being asked.
  Giving adequately after being asked.
  Giving willingly, but inadequately.
  Giving "in sadness" (giving out of pity)
  or  "Giving unwillingly" 
  the least Blessed Way of Charity

Tzedakah is one of the main ways Humans can redeem the Shattered Sepheria of the Tree of Life, renew the flow of the Godhead to Earth, the Return of Souls to God, and usher in the redemption of the World to create the Messianic Age of the World to Come on Earth, as well as in Heaven;

Resources: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maimonides; http://www.sacred-texts.com/jud/gfp/index.htm (Guide to the Perplexed); http://www.jnul.huji.ac.il/dl/mss/html/rambam_l.htm ; http://www.mechon-mamre.org/e/e0000.htm; LISTEN to his version of the Torah HERE, great for those with poor eyesight - http://torahforme.org/files/Rambam/ ; ; Jewish Life in the Middle Ages by Israel Abrams, 1975;